Bed Sores

Alternative names: Decubitus Ulcers, Pressure Ulcers, Pressure Sores, Bed Sores, Dermal Ulcers, Pressure Wounds

A bed sore is an area of skin and tissue that becomes injured or broken down. Generally, bed sores occur when a person is in a sitting or lying position for too long without shifting his or her weight. The constant pressure against the skin causes a decreased blood supply to that area. Without a blood supply, the area cannot survive and the affected tissue dies.

Pressure ulcers are extremely difficult to heal. The resulting wound can be painful, destroy tissue, fat, muscle and can lead to death. Pressure as small as 60 mm Hg. to a body surface for 1-2 hours initiates the process of skin breakdown. Shear, friction, moisture and chemical irritants exacerbate the process.

A 2-hour time frame is a generally accepted maximum interval that the tissue can tolerate pressure without damage. A patient who cannot change position without assistance should be turned and repositioned at least every two hours, more frequently if needed, with the use of pillows as support.

The first video (below) is from the 2007 Wound Awareness Week
Community Service Annoucement, produced by MWC Media:




The Elephant in the Room campaign backed by best selling author Bryce Courtenay is being launched in aid of getting the word out about the problem of chronic wounds.

Chronic wounds aren't particularly attractive, in fact they're revolting to look at and excruciatingly painful if you have one, but they affect over 270,000 elderly people in Australia today.

In a lot of cases, they are so debilitating that even administering morphine to dull the pain doesn't work. The main problem faced by sufferers is not that they can't get better, but that they can't afford to pay for treatment.



Wound treatment is cost effective but expensive, and there is no funding for treatment via PBS or Medicare. Bearing in mind that wounds usually effect the elderly who are often the poorest members of the community, in an enormous number of cases patients don't get treatment because they simply can't afford to pay for it.

To me that just doesn't seem right in a first world country like Australia in 2008.


Bedsore Facts

Whether you have endured a pressure wound yourself, or have felt helpless watching the agony of a loved one, you have suffered. Many people have sent messages to us asking for information. A theme that runs through all of these messages is complete amazement that such a thing could happen:

  • Hospitals do not advise incoming patients that a percentage of those in the hospital is suffering with bedsores.
  • They do not point out that if you are in your seventies or older, your chances of developing a hospital-caused wound may be as great as one in five.
  • There is no information provided concerning the devastating nature of the bedsore, the fact that the wound can quickly penetrate through skin, fat and muscle to the bone, often leading to death [sepsis can be a complication].
  • No one is advised that bedsores are a common site of hospital-transmitted infections, and that often such infections are completely resistant to available antibiotics.
  • And they may not advise patients that specialised support surfaces, able to avoid capillary closure that leads to bedsores, are available.

This web site, and its links to resources, is aimed at correcting these omissions. Publications, posters, advertisements, and publicity are all means to carry out this goal. Our efforts at education also have the goal of convincing government leaders that denying funding for available specialised care for the elderly and frail is false economy.

Your support to this cause can be your testimony that, having experienced the suffering caused by pressure wounds, you are going to do your part to insure that your loved one [or even you], can escape this agony in the future.

Due to staffing shortages, medical funding cuts and other issues, many care facilities are chronically understaffed. This results in patients not being turned, cleaned and fed as often as the ideal standard of nursing would dictate. Massive deep wounds over Stage 2 and chronic infections continue to be an unacceptable standard of care. Such wounds are generally a strong indication of negligence in more than one area.

Where do "Bed Sores" appear?

The most common places for bedsores are over bony prominences (bones close to the skin), such as the elbow, heels, hips, ankles, shoulders, back, coccys/tailbone, and the back of the head.

Who's At Risk?

Anyone who must stay in a bed, chair or wheelchair because of illness or injury, or who cannot change position without help is at high risk.

Why are Seniors more Vulnerable to this Deadly Medical Condition?

In a nursing home setting, turning is costly and dependent on adequate staffing ratios. The use of restraints on residents and/or the lack of incontinence rehabilitation compound the problem.

If a nursing home has a higher than normal percentage of patients with pressure ulcers because the facility specialises in wound care, the staffing level should be commensurate with the higher level of care required.

Seniors are particularly vulnerable because their skin usually becomes thinner and more fragile with age.

How Long Does it take to happen?

Bedsores can develop in a matter of hours.

Most Likely Places to Occur?

Decubitus ulcers can happen during hospitalisation, in a nursing home or in a community setting.

" Don't let anyone fool you, 98 percent of all bedsores or 'decubitus ulcers' as they are called, are preventable."

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